Pediatric leukemia is a type of cancer that affects children and adolescents, specifically targeting the bone marrow and blood. Leukemia begins in the immature white blood cells, known as leukocytes, causing them to multiply uncontrollably and disrupt the normal functioning of the immune system. There are several types of leukemia that can affect children, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Symptoms of pediatric leukemia can vary but may include fatigue, fever, easy bruising, and bone pain. Treatment for pediatric leukemia typically involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation. While the prognosis for children with leukemia has improved significantly over the years, ongoing research is focused on understanding the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of pediatric leukemia and developing more targeted and less toxic treatments.